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Calorie Deficit Explained: The Science of Weight Loss

Weight loss comes down to one fundamental principle: energy balance. Understanding the math behind calorie deficits removes the mystery from fat loss.

Medically reviewed by NaijaBody Medical Team
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What Is a Calorie Deficit?

A calorie deficit occurs when you consume fewer calories than your body burns. Your body needs energy (measured in calories) to function: breathing, circulating blood, digesting food, moving, thinking. When you eat less than you burn, your body taps into stored energy (fat) to make up the difference.

The Basic Equation

Calories In
Food & drinks
-
Calories Out
Metabolism + activity
=
Deficit
Fat loss

This isn't opinion or trend. It's thermodynamics. Every diet that works, from keto to intermittent fasting to Weight Watchers, works because it creates a calorie deficit. The method differs; the underlying mechanism is identical.

The 7,700 Calorie Rule: 1kg of Fat

Body fat is stored energy. To lose 1 kilogram of body fat, you need to create a total deficit of approximately 7,700 calories. Here's the math:

The Calculation

  • 1 Pure fat contains 9 calories per gram
  • 2 Body fat tissue is approximately 87% lipid (the rest is water and connective tissue)
  • 3 Therefore: 1,000g x 0.87 x 9 cal = 7,830 calories (rounded to 7,700)
500
cal deficit/day
= 0.5kg lost per week
750
cal deficit/day
= 0.75kg lost per week
1,000
cal deficit/day
= 1kg lost per week

Reality check: A 1,000 calorie daily deficit is aggressive and difficult to sustain without medication support. For most people, 500-750 calories is more realistic and sustainable.

Calculate Your Calorie Needs

Before you can create a deficit, you need to know your baseline: how many calories your body burns daily. This is called your Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE).

Step 1: Calculate Your BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)

BMR is the calories your body burns at rest, just to stay alive. Use the Mifflin-St Jeor equation:

Men

BMR = (10 x weight in kg) + (6.25 x height in cm) - (5 x age) + 5

Women

BMR = (10 x weight in kg) + (6.25 x height in cm) - (5 x age) - 161

Step 2: Apply Activity Multiplier

Multiply your BMR by your activity level to get TDEE:

Activity Level Description Multiplier
Sedentary Office job, little exercise BMR x 1.2
Light activity Exercise 1-3 days/week BMR x 1.375
Moderate Exercise 3-5 days/week BMR x 1.55
Very active Hard exercise 6-7 days/week BMR x 1.725
Extremely active Physical job + daily training BMR x 1.9

Example Calculation

Person: 35-year-old woman, 80kg, 165cm, sedentary job

BMR: (10 x 80) + (6.25 x 165) - (5 x 35) - 161 = 800 + 1,031 - 175 - 161 = 1,495 cal

TDEE: 1,495 x 1.2 = 1,794 cal/day

For 500 cal deficit: 1,794 - 500 = 1,294 cal/day target

Creating a 500 Calorie Deficit: Practical Methods

A 500 calorie deficit yields approximately 0.5kg of fat loss per week. There are three ways to create this deficit:

Diet Only

Eat 500 fewer calories than your TDEE.

Example: Skip the 150 cal soft drink, reduce rice portion by 200 cal, use less oil (-150 cal)

Exercise Only

Burn 500 extra calories through activity.

Example: 60-75 minutes of brisk walking or 45 minutes of jogging daily

Combined (Best)

Reduce food by 250 cal + burn 250 cal.

Example: Smaller lunch + 30-minute walk. More sustainable than either extreme.

What 500 Calories Looks Like

Foods That Add 500 Calories Quickly

  • Large portion of jollof rice~450 cal
  • 2 bottles of malt~500 cal
  • 3 tablespoons of palm oil~360 cal
  • 1 meat pie + soft drink~550 cal
  • Large suya (150g meat)~400 cal

How to Burn 500 Calories

  • Brisk walking~75 min
  • Jogging~45 min
  • Swimming~50 min
  • Cycling~60 min
  • Dancing (aerobics)~65 min

Tracking Calories vs. Intuitive Eating

There are two schools of thought on managing calorie intake. Both can work. The right choice depends on your personality and relationship with food.

Calorie Tracking

Advantages

  • - Precise control over intake
  • - Clear accountability
  • - Teaches portion awareness
  • - Data-driven progress tracking

Disadvantages

  • - Can become obsessive
  • - Time-consuming
  • - Difficult with Nigerian foods (few database entries)
  • - May trigger disordered eating in some

Intuitive Eating

Advantages

  • - More sustainable long-term
  • - Rebuilds connection with hunger cues
  • - Less mental burden
  • - Healthier relationship with food

Disadvantages

  • - Less precise
  • - Requires intact hunger signals
  • - Easy to underestimate intake
  • - Slower initial progress

Our Recommendation

Start with tracking for 2-4 weeks to understand portion sizes and calorie density of your common foods. Then transition to intuitive eating with occasional check-ins. This builds awareness without creating obsession.

Why GLP-1 Medications Make Deficits Easier

The reason most diets fail isn't lack of willpower. It's biology. When you reduce calories, your body fights back with increased hunger signals, reduced metabolism, and intense cravings. This is your body's survival mechanism, not a character flaw.

How GLP-1 Medications Change the Equation

Reduced Appetite at the Source

Semaglutide and Tirzepatide act on GLP-1 receptors in the brain's appetite centers. You don't need willpower when you genuinely don't feel hungry.

Slower Gastric Emptying

Food stays in your stomach longer, extending feelings of fullness. A small meal satisfies for hours.

Reduced Food Noise

The constant mental chatter about food diminishes. You can focus on life instead of the next meal.

Without Medication

  • Constant hunger during deficit
  • Requires daily willpower battles
  • Metabolism slows to compensate
  • High failure rate (95%+ regain)

With GLP-1 Medication

  • Genuinely reduced hunger
  • Deficit feels natural, not forced
  • 20-35% calorie reduction typical
  • Sustainable long-term results

The Numbers

Clinical trials show Semaglutide users naturally eat 20-30% fewer calories without feeling deprived. Tirzepatide users show reductions of 25-35%. This translates to 400-700 calorie deficits occurring effortlessly, simply because users feel satisfied with less food.

Continue Learning

Ready to Make Calorie Deficits Easier?

GLP-1 medications help you achieve sustainable calorie deficits without the constant hunger. Start your consultation today.

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